The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, also known as the Artemision , was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was a grand temple dedicated to the Greek goddess Artemis, the goddess of the hunt, fertility, and childbirth. The temple was located in the ancient city of Ephesus , which is now modern-day Turkey . The construction of the temple began in the 6th century BC , during the reign of King Croesus of Lydia. It was designed by the Greek architect Chersiphron and his son Metagenes . The temple was built on a marshy plain near the river Cayster, and it was raised on a platform to prevent flooding. The temple was made of marble and was adorned with sculptures and decorations. The temple was destroyed and rebuilt several times throughout history. The first temple was destroyed by a flood in 550 BC , and it was rebuilt by Croesus . The second temple was destroyed by arson in 356 BC , and it was rebuilt by Alexander the Great. The third te...
In May 2022, an outbreak of mpox was confirmed, a viral disease also known as "monkeypox." This outbreak is significant as it marks the first time mpox has spread widely outside of Central and West Africa. The initial cluster of cases was found in the United Kingdom, where the first case was detected in London on May 6, 2022, in a patient with recent travel history from Nigeria, where the disease is endemic.
As of March 18, 2023, there have been a total of 86,516 confirmed cases in over 113 countries, with 119 deaths since January 2022. The outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) on July 23, 2022.
Mpox is a viral infection that manifests a week or two after exposure with fever and other non-specific symptoms, and then produces a rash with lesions that usually last for 2-4 weeks before drying up, crusting, and falling off. While mpox can cause large numbers of lesions, in the current outbreak, some patients experience only a single lesion in the mouth or on the genitals, making it more difficult to differentiate from other infections.
Mpox spreads through close, personal, often skin-to-skin contact. The disease can spread through direct contact with rashes, or body fluids from an infected person, by touching objects and fabrics that have been used by someone with mpox, or through respiratory secretions. Given the unexpected and vast geographical spread of the disease, the actual number of cases is likely to be underestimated.
While anyone can get mpox, to date, the majority of confirmed cases outside of the endemic regions in Africa occurred in young or middle-aged men who have sex with men (MSM) who had recent sexual contact with new or multiple partners. The WHO Director-General advised MSM to limit exposure by reducing the number of sexual partners, reconsidering sex with new partners, and maintaining contact details to allow for epidemiological follow-up.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has emphasized the importance of reducing stigma in communicating about the demographic aspects of mpox, specifically with regards to gay and bisexual men. The outbreak underscores the need for continued vigilance in disease surveillance and response, as well as for investment in research and development of effective diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines.
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